Palladium (II) ion imprinted polymers (IIP) were prepared by precipitation polymerization method using PdCl₄^2– as template, 4-vinylpridine(4-VP), 2-(allylthio)nicotinic acid (ANA), 2-Acetamidoacrylic acid (AAA) as functional monomer, respectively. In the polymerization method, the polymerization mixture included ethylene glycoldimethacrylate (EGDMA, cross-linking monomer), 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, initiator) and methanol (porogen). The effects of different preparation conditions on the preparation of palladium ion imprinted polymers were investigated by the type of functional monomers, the dosage of functional monomers and crosslinking agents. The optimization results showed that compared with ANA and AAA, 4 -VP could form a stable complex with PdCl₄^2– in the molar ratio of 4:1 with the largest binding constant and the best imprinting effect, which was the best choice for the synthesis of palladium (II) ion imprinted polymer. Furthermore, the adsorption experiment proved the adsorption capacity of 4-VP on its corresponding imprinted polymers in accordance to the ratio of template, functional monomer and cross-linking monomer as 1:4:40 reached a maximum of 5.042 mg/g.